Melting Pot free essay sample

The blend has been utilized allegorically to depict the elements of American public activity. Notwithstanding its spellbinding uses, it has likewise been utilized to depict what ought to or ought not occur in American public activity. How did the term begin? How was it utilized initially? How is it utilized in contemporary society? What are a few issues with the possibility of the blend? How is government funded instruction associated with the possibility of the mixture? How does the blend work in American social and political philosophy? These are a portion of the inquiries considered in the accompanying conversation. The Statue of Liberty is at this point an all around perceived image of American political folklore. She remains at the passage of New York harbor, wearing a spiked crown speaking to the light of freedom sparkling on the seven oceans and the seven mainlands. The sculpture was a blessing to the United States from the individuals of France in 1884. We will compose a custom article test on Mixture or on the other hand any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page It is made of bolted copper sheets, just 3/32 of an inch thick, astutely joined to a structure planned by Louis Eiffel. Its development is with the end goal that it won't be worried by high breezes or temperature changes (The world Book Encyclopedia, pp. 874-875). The imagery of the sculpture is strengthened by Emma Lazarus’poem â€Å"The New Colossus†, which is engraved on a plaque at the base of the sculpture. Dislike the baldfaced monster of Greek popularity, With vanquishing appendages on the back of from land to land; Here at our ocean washed, nightfall doors will stand A relentless lady with a light, whose fire Is the detained lightning, and her name Mother of outcasts. From her guide hand Glows overall welcome; her mellow eyes order The air-spanned harbor that twin urban areas outline. â€Å"Keep, old terrains, your celebrated pageantry! † cries she With quiet lips. â€Å"Give me your drained, your poor, Your crouched masses longing to inhale free, The pathetic deny of your abounding shore. Send these, the whirlwind tost to me. I lift my light adjacent to the brilliant entryway. † (Emma Lazarus, 1883) The Statue of freedom, devoted in 1886, turned into a visual image of American philosophy. Somewhere in the range of 1880 and 1930, 27 million individuals relocated to the United States (www. pbs. organization/fmc/timetable/eimmigration. htm). A large portion of them entered by method of Ellis Island in New York harbor. The greater part of them would have finished their long six weeks’ venture with by observing Miss Liberty come into see. These outsiders were going to enter the â€Å"golden entryway. † What lay behind it? What openings were envisioned? What sort of life was envisioned? How were these turn-of-the-century spirits to turn out to be a piece of America? A Brief History of the Common School One incredible social foundation that had a significant impact in the integrative procedure of settlers, starting in about the center of the nineteenth century was the basic school. Horace Mann, the primary state school administrator in Massachusetts and a solid backer for various social changes, including an arrangement of government funded instruction, verbalized the belief system of a typical school in his Twelfth Annual Report of the Board of Education in 1849 (Boston: Dutton and Wentworth, 1849). He says: It (a free educational system) knows no qualification of rich and poor, of bond and free, or between those, who, in the defective light of this world, are looking for, through changed roads, to arrive at the entryway of paradise. Without cash and without value, it opens up its entryways, and spreads its table of abundance, for all the offspring of the State. Like the sun, it sparkles, upon the great, however upon the shrewd, that they may turn out to be acceptable; and like the downpour, its gifts dive, upon the only, yet upon the out of line, that their foul play may withdraw from them and be known no more. This extravagant portrayal of the potential outcomes intrinsic in an arrangement of free schools was to turn out to be a piece of American political belief system. Open tutoring was viewed as having the ability to reproduce and change European foreigners into good, tractable, profitable American residents. Through an arrangement of basic schools, an assortment of ideologies and societies could be amalgamated for the social dependability and financial great of the nation. By the late 1800s the government funded school development in America was powerful in the Northeast however simply picking up energy in the South. Its encouraging had been ending, continuing at various rates affected by changing geographic, social, and monetary conditions. The regular school, as it was first called, was to be charge bolstered. It was to have a typical educational plan, paying little heed to the social station of its customers, it was to be available to all, and it was to cultivate a typical arrangement of metro excellencies. The state funded school development in the Northeast started to make strides in the early long stretches of the nineteenth century. It was capably affected and coordinated by the ascent of industrialism, by charming reformers, for example, Horace Mann, by new methods of transportation, and by the commitments of American creators. The student of history S. Alexander Rippa says â€Å" throughout the entire existence of American instruction, one of the most huge results of the Industrial Revolution was the slow rise of another, government funded school-disapproved of regular workers in the northern urban areas. Without a doubt, the fast development of assembling relied upon a promptly accessible wellspring of work for the new factories† (Rippa, 1984. . 100). The work power in the northern plants and factories was enlarged by European settlers: Between 1815 and 1845 right around 3 million displaced people had left their home shores for America (p. 101). Noteworthy quantities of foreigners in mid-century America significantly influenced the government funded school development. They shaped a core for sorted out work, whose plan remembered an enthusiasm for training; and their very nearness in such huge numbers filled feelings of trepidation for the delicacy of a youthful country (p. 102). The regular school was viewed as a road for the absorption of outsiders into American culture. Formal tutoring was not efficient in America in the mid-1800s, notwithstanding the provincial endeavors of solid promoters for government funded instruction. There were wide territorial and social contrasts in mentalities toward charge bolstered, efficient proper tutoring dependent on a typical educational plan. Different strict gatherings had set up schools for the propagation of their religious philosophy and culture, particularly in the mid-Atlantic and Northern states. These gatherings were dreadful of giving up duty to political position. In the Southern states, subjection and a solid position framework were obstructions to the advancement of government funded schools (p. 97). The deluge of colossal quantities of settlers exacerbated strict and social pressures and induced clashes with American specialists who were afraid for their occupations. This unstable circumstance made much more help for efficient government funded instruction as a mingling specialist. State funded instruction turned out to be a piece of a more extensive helpful development tending to a wide range of social ills made by urbanization, industrialization, and migration (p. 105). A differing gathering of to a great extent white collar class reformers called for activity to annul subjection, to improve the states of poor people, to build the lawful privileges of ladies, and to improve the instructive open doors for all classes of individuals. The social changes of the last 50% of the nineteenth century buttressed a general confidence in training as a down to business social foundation. The South introduced an uncommon case, in any case, particularly as a result of the overwhelming impacts of the Civil War and Reconstruction just as its long history of subjection. In the South, the reconciliation of masses of recently liberated slaves was a gigantic errand, particularly in an annihilated economy and in a social milieu that was still emphatically class cognizant. African Americans were to a great extent unskilled in light of a background marked by legitimate limitations against teaching them. There was additionally a â€Å"rising tide of absence of education among the southern white people† (p147). The Peabody Education Fund, a generous undertaking set up by the well off lender George Peabody to improve southern training, found that from 1862 to 1872 the white populace had expanded by 13%, however the absence of education rate had expanded by 50 % (p. 147). In the twelve years following the Civil War, the period known as Reconstruction, nearby government in the South was coordinated by the Federal government. This was a severe pill for some white Southerners to swallow. State funded instruction was recognized in their brains with the plan of Northern intruders. It was additionally vilified in their brains by its relationship with noble cause schools. In this way, the ideological intensity of government funded training as an incredible equalizer was grasped fundamentally by a center of dark pioneers, dynamic white pioneers, for example, Walter Hines Page (p. 154), and some northern altruists. It would be a very long time before government funded training was solidly settled in the South. â€Å"While a crushed South battled and attempted to endure, the North, incidentally, went through the unfortunate long periods of war and reproduction more prosperous than ever,† says Alexander Rippa (p. 156). During the 1880s another influx of movement started, settling basically in northern urban focuses; and these â€Å"new† outsiders, generally from Eastern Europe, carried with them social examples which varied enormously from local conceived Americans and the northern and western European workers who went before them. Somewhere in the range of 1890 and 1920, 18 million new residents debarked in America (Booth, Washington Post). Existing social issues turned out to be significantly all the more squeezing. There was an observation among local conceived Americans that the social issues of the urban communities originated from the changing character of the new foreigners (p. 71). There was another desperation to Americanize these

Transpiration Lab Write Up Free Essays

Transpiration Lab Write Up Purpose/Question: How do ecological components influence the transpiration procedure in plants? Research: Transpiration is the procedure by which dampness is helped through plants from roots to little pores on the underside of leaves, where it changes to fume and is discharged to the climate. Transpiration is basically vanishing of water from plant leaves. It happens essentially at the leaves while their stomata are open for the section of CO2 and O2 during photosynthesis. We will compose a custom exposition test on Transpiration Lab Write Up or then again any comparable theme just for you Request Now Transpiration isn't just a danger of vegetation. It is the â€Å"engine† that pulls water up from the roots to gracefully photosynthesis (1%-2% of the aggregate), bring minerals from the roots for biosynthesis inside the leaf, and cool the leaf. There are four distinct conditions that influence transpiration. They are wind, stickiness, warmth, and light. These four conditions may change pace of water misfortune through transpiration by either losing more water, or less. Plants have adjusted to make the C4, and CAM pathway. In the both pathway the plant takes CO2 and put away. Since CO2 can be taken up and put away for later use in photosynthesis, the plant diminishes water misfortune by having less stomata open during the day since the greater part of its required CO2 has just been taken up around evening time. With the bounty of CO2 put away, the plant would then be able to utilize the put away CO2 for photosynthesis and lessening photorespiration by decreasing or totally dispensing with inadvertent O2 take-up. Materials: 1) 5 little plants 2) Fish tank 3) Water shower bottle 4) Water 5) Heat light 6) Fan 7) Regular light 8) Mass weighter ) Place to record weight Procedure: Place Lamp, Heat light, fan, and fish tank in various zones where they won’t influence the other. Shower the fish tank with water and to make a sticky domain and continue splashing ordinarily to guarantee the tank is wet. Water the entirety of your plants. Gauge all the plants on the first day, Monday, and record the weight. Spot a plant in each condition. With the additional p lant, place it in a zone without a particular condition to use as a control plant. Try not to water the plants the remainder of the week. Consistently, gauge the plants and record its water misfortune for each plant. Toward the week's end, make a graph for the measure of water misfortune and contrast and the control plant. Information Table: Days | Monday| Tuesday| Wednesday| Thursday| Friday| Windy| 108. 2mg| 101. 1mg| 94. 1mg| 89. 7mg| 81. 7mg| Humidity| 103. 8mg| 103. 4mg| 103. 4mg| 103. 4mg| 103. 1mg| Light| 118. 8mg| 112. 1mg| 105. 0mg| 98. 4mg| 92. 9mg| Heat| 104. 3mg| 95. 8mg| 86. 8mg| 78. 7mg| 70. 1mg| Control| 115. 3mg| 115. 3mg| 115. 3mg| 115. 3mg| 115. 3mg| Analysis: Conclusion: Ecological components, for example, heat, stickiness, light and wind, influence the pace of transpiration by making the plant free either pretty much water. In conditions, for example, wind, when there is no breeze, the air encompassing a leaf turns out to be progressively moist in this manner lessening the pace of transpiration. At the point when a breeze is available, the damp air is diverted and supplanted by drier air. Something contrary to that is where the plant lost next to no water. It lost next to no water since its condition was wet, so the plant didn't have to diffuse a lot of water. In heat, the air was hot and dry, so the plant lost water in light of the fact that it’s encompassing required water to chill it off. Plants unfold all the more quickly at higher temperatures since water dissipates all the more quickly as the temperature rises. At 30 °C, a leaf may happen multiple times as quick as it does at 20 °C. At long last, light lost a consistent measure of water since plants unfold more quickly in the light than in obscurity. This is to a great extent since light animates the opening of the stomata (instrument). Light additionally accelerates transpiration by warming the leaf. I expected these outcomes since it bodes well and I investigated before finishing the test. Some avoidable blunders that could have happened would be inadvertently sprinkling water on a plant or putting the conditions excessively near one another. Some unavoidable blunders could be the climate outside. Regardless of whether the test is directed inside, the blistering summer air or cold winter air could float in the room, influencing the plants transpiration rate. Some further examinations I would make are things, for example, regardless of whether the kind of plant influences the rate, or if the sort of warmth light or fan will change the outcomes too. The most effective method to refer to Transpiration Lab Write Up, Essay models

My Minimalist Workspace

My Minimalist Workspace Although I dont have a daily routine, I spend most mornings in solitude, writing at my deskâ€"my minimalist workspace. The picture above is what my desk looks like every day. (No, I didnt tidy-up before taking the  photo.) Much  like other aspects of my life, minimalism has allowed me get rid of the unnecessary and keep the essential. Thus, my desk contains only what I need to work. My work is writing. To write, I need a computer, a word-processing program, a chair, a pen, a notebook, and a lamp (because I usually get started before first light). A cup of coffee or glass of water is optional. Eliminating the Unnecessary I used to lie to myself. I used to think I needed so much more to be productive.  I used to think I needed an Internet connection and a clock on the wall and a bookshelf brimming with books and a file cabinet and file folders and three-ring binders and a scanner and a stapler and a desk calendar and a white board and a cork board and an office-supplies organizer containing paperclips and thumbtacks and pens and highlighters and notecards and Post-its and many, many other things. But over time I realized I didnt need those things. So I stripped them away, one thing at a time, until I was left with what I have now. And who knows: perhaps one day Ill get rid of my notebook or my printed notes. Or perhaps Ill add an item or twoâ€"if it adds value to what Im doing. I still have some office supplies, but only what fits in my single drawer. I dont need to use them every day, so I keep them out of the way so I can focus on whats important, urgent, now. The point is not to toss everything. Rather, the point is to get rid of the superfluous in favor of the essential. Doing so eliminates unwanted stress, allows us to avoid distractions, and helps us focus on  the work at hand. So, even when  your work requires more paperwork or certain tools to accomplish your tasks, its still important to ask  whether  everything in the  workspace is necessary. An Experiment As a experiment, why not give this a shot: get rid of everything today (box it up or simply get it out of the way), then slowly reintroduce items to your workspace as needed over the next few days. Then get rid of anything you didnt reintroduceâ€"anything you dont use this week. Its like having a miniature Packing Party for your workspace. Are you willing to experiment? If you find value in The Minimalists, consider donating a dollar.

Global Supply Chain Management Simulation Essay - 918 Words

Summary of Global Supply Chain Management Simulation I enjoyed the Global Supply Chain Management Simulation (GSCM). It was exciting to be a Manager of the supply chain of a mobile phone manufacturer. I learned very quickly the pressures of running such a large operation. In this review, I will discuss lessons learned regarding conceptions shown in the simulation. I will explain how if completing the simulation again, what I would complete differently. In conclusion, I will talk about my key overall takeaways from this exercise. Year One In Year 1 while in the Design room, I chose the Wifi and Stylish options. My intuitive thoughts were consumer based and not supplier driven. However, these combined options offered an estimated favorable profit for the company. While forecasting I chose to forecast below average for Model A and above average for Model B. Again, my decision making was consumer driven and I as a consumer would prefer a stylish mobile device over a base model, therefore estimated demand at a higher level. In choosing suppliers in Year 1, key drivers were lead times, setup and unit carrying costs, and capacity. The decision were also based off of my forecast for each model. I learned quickly as each month passed, I was out of inventory therefore, making a costly $2.0MM adjustment with one of my suppliers. In this scenario, if running the simulation again I would better match the supplier with the forecasted demand. Year Two In Year 2, I was advised not toShow MoreRelatedUsing the VinLogic Simulation Model: Insights Gained and Lessons Learned727 Words   |  3 PagesInsights Gained and Lessons Learned Using The VinLogic Simulation Model Introduction Operations management is comprised of a series of concepts and frameworks that are best learned through the use of simulations and constraint-based modeling to show the effects of one decision on corporate performance. This is especially true in the areas of logistics, transportation and supply chain management optimization, The VinLogic Simulation Model has specifically been designed to take into account theRead MoreDifference Between Simulation and Optimization1541 Words   |  7 Pagesin the business environment is a major threat at each and every level of the supply chain. 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Figure 1: PEST Analysis of Global Trends: 2010-2015 Political Increased global communication and relationships Economic Inflation increasing globally Increasing oil costs Increasing commodity pricing Social Social Media Decline in population Demographics/Mobility Technological E-commerce Mobile Applications/Shopping Figure 1 presents a global trend analysis for the period 2010-2015 in four areas: political, economicRead MoreIs The Best Decision For My Life?1027 Words   |  5 Pagesearned a Bachelor’s of Science degree from Kent State University, specializing in Fashion Merchandising. Through this program, I have acquired general knowledge related to the business of fashion including product sourcing simulation, fashion marketing, international marketing, global apparel economics, product development, merchandising planning and buying, fashion branding and fashion forecasting. 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Theaters and Performing Arts Centers - Photos and Facts

Riwt 1 Free Essays

RIWT1 Crystal Jorgensen Task 1 03/19/2013 SID:000187304 Lets take a journey. A journey back to a time and a place that is unknown to us without the history and expression of Literature and Art. These moments are the expression of color, the fine detail, the heroics, and the stories that bring us to our current and most knowledgeable time in literature and the arts. We will write a custom essay sample on Riwt 1 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Neoclassicism and Romanticism are two very important time periods in the literary movements in English literature that helped shape our way of life today. Although these time periods are recognized as very opposite they share many similarities and we continue to learn and grow from them. Lets go back†¦ To a new era, widespread and influential for paintings and the other visual arts, a reaction against the sensuous and frivolously decorative Rococo style that dominated European art from the 1720s on. Beginning in the 1760s, Neoclassicism arose, reached its height in the 1780s and ‘90s during the French Revolution and lasted until about the 1850s. Neoclassicism was impacted by the exploration and excavation of the buried Roman cities of Herculaneum and Pompeii; the excavations of which began in 1738 and 1748, respectively. It was because of these â€Å"new† discoveries that people wanted to revive the past and took interest in the classical forms and ideas that started the neoclassical era. It was the combination of new and â€Å"classical† that made artist want to convey a serious moral such as justice, honor, and patriotism. Ideally, this style portrays an array of knowledge so vast that it leads to enlightenment. The Neoclassical style sees nature is defined as human nature and that society is more important than the individual. In summary, Neoclassicism focused on Greek and Roman history and was inspired by Classical Rome, patriotism, courage, and honor. The best-known painter of the time was J. L. David who painted â€Å"Napoleon Crossing the Saint Bernard,† just one of many amazing paintings in that time. The technique used in this era is a stressed drawing with lines, not color; no brush strokes. The tone set is calm and rational but at the same time play the role to provide inspiration and be morally uplifting. Neoclassical artist value order and solemnity and it can be seen throughout their paintings. Inspired by the classics, touched by a revolution, and enforced order we have the â€Å"new† classics. Neoclassicism. Now lets get into the hippie era of the 18th century†¦of free love, peace, and saving the trees. No not really. Romanticism was much more than that it depicted a much deeper heightened since of feeling and euphoria. If it made you feel good and happy you would focus on that and that’s all that mattered. But that is still not all; romanticism was a time for passion, any kind of passion whether it was good or bad. Inspired by the medieval, baroque eras, and the middle and Far East regions of the world. Romanticism started in the late 18th century and continued into the mid 19th century. The characteristics that follow the romantic era is one of a deepened appreciation of the beauty for nature; and exaltation of emotion over reason and intellect; a heightened sense of human personality, moods, and mental potentialities. The romantics were very occupied with the exceptional figures, such as the hero or genius and focused on their inner passions and struggles. A couple of the best known artist of the time were Eugene Delacroix and Theodore Gericault, the artists were viewed as a supreme individual creators, their creative spirit was more important than strict rules or traditional procedures; the emphasis on imagination was a gateway to experience spiritual truth. With national and ethnic origins there was an obsessive interest in folk culture and the medieval era, which triggered a special liking for the exotic, mysterious, weird, the remote, the monstrous, diseased, and the satanic. The role of the art was dramatic it was to carry the viewer away with its unrestrained, rich color, and visible brush strokes. Neoclassicism and Romanticism are in fact to very different eras. While to neoclassical era wanted to re-invent the classics, the romantic era wanted to expressive in every form not holding back restraint on the mere idea of being bound by the old classic rules. But this doesn’t stop them from having similarities either. They both were on a spiritual mission; the art itself wants to portray knowledge and enlightenment for neoclassicism and romanticism wants you to experience spiritual truth. Although these eras are on very opposite ends of the spectrum when it comes to the arts they both wanted to find a new spirit of the time, to change it for the better. Like J. L David’s painting â€Å"Napoleon Crossing the Saint Bernard† is very lifelike and perfect not being able to see the brush strokes but making the feeling of nobility, strength, and honor very present in his work. This particular piece is a perfect example of the time being right after the revolution. Eugene Delacroix’s painting â€Å"Liberty leading the people† This is such and amazing piece of art as well and although you can see more brush strokes it is also such a great example of the time. Delacroix is able to put so much detail and really paint the emotion of freedom and leadership. Both these painting depict a transformation, a want for change. The interesting thing is in those brush strokes, neoclassicism believed they needed to have that perfectionism it showed order, restraint, and rationalism; whereas, romanticism felt that the brush strokes needed to be seen so as to show emotion, passion, and life. Both of these eras were very influenced by different eras like with neoclassical they wanted so desperately to get out of the Rococo style; is was the Age of Enlightenment; and it was right after the revolution. Neoclassical was very impressed and inspired by the classical era and made something old, new again. Romanticism was influenced by neoclassicism it was inspired as a revolt against social and political norms of the Age of Enlightenment and was partly a reaction from the industrial revolution. Although, these eras seemed to influence each other in ways a teenager would want to try to change the rules at home. These eras very much influence our history, knowledge, learning, and inspiration today. Works Cited http://www. britannica. com/EBchecked/topic/508675/Romanticism http://www. buzzle. com/articles/romanticism-characteristics-of-romanticism. html http://www. buzzle. com/articles/difference-between-romanticism-and-neoclassicism. html http://lilt. ilstu. edu/jhreid/neoclassicism. htm http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Romanticism How to cite Riwt 1, Papers

Data Mining & Visualization for Business-Free-Samples for Students

Questions: 1.Briefly summarise why Data Mining is used in Business. Share a recent article/news item relating to Data Mining in Business . 2.Briefly summarise the article, identifying the Business requirements for which data analysis is being used in this Case. Answers: 1.Data Mining in Business Data Mining is used in business The main usage of data mining in businesses is to search for new business patterns and establishing new business relationships for making better decisions in the business processes. It helps to develop smart marketing campaigns, identifying different trends with the loyalty prediction of customers (Shmueli Lichtendahl Jr, 2017). Data mining searches for information from the scratch that generally remains unnoticed and finds out patterns that helps to predict the business. Data mining can also generate new opportunities in business: Systematic figure of examples and application: Data mining modernises the route toward searching insightful information in a huge database. Request that needs extensive hands-on examination would now have the capacity to be precisely answered from the data. An ordinary instance of an insightful problem is centred around publicising. Data mining uses data on past constrained time sends to recognise the destinations well while in transit to help the level of productivity any further. Systematic disclosure of in advance darken designs: Data mining mechanical assemblies searches in the blocks and perceive officially hid plans. An instance of delineation disclosure is the examination of local bargains data to recognise apparently pointless things that are together often obtained. Data Mining for Analysis Purposes A group of mineralogists are working with various instruments to examine and study the relationship between minerals of the earth. Mining and Mineralogy are often considered as a single manner (Hooper, 2017). In any case, analysts at the Carnegie Institution for Science mining an option that is other than what is expected gigantic data, and it may fundamentally influence the search and inspection for minerals. There are no under 5200 particular known minerals (ordinarily happening substance blends not confined by specific sources), which have been found and ordered by many regions around the globe. This gives mineralogists an expansive number of data concentrates on working with, yet expelling criticalness from this data is much of the time troublesome. According to another paper of American Mineralogist, the gathering of researchers worked with the framework study to increment current information in the scattering and modification of chromium and copper stores after some period. This mindset may provoke the desire of latest exposure of mineral stocks. Framework speculation is a strategy for separating complex affiliations and collaborations between different things (Shmueli and Lichtendahl Jr, 2017). This system is every now and again in-use to determine the wide presence of infection, the architecture of the web and regular structures. The Carnegie aggregate worked along these lines for managing doles out each alluded to mineral like "centre point" and individual range with two crystals located at a place forms relationship among these centres. One of the main researchers Dr. Shaunna Morrison said "The mission for new mineral stores is persevering, yet starting at as of late metal disclosure has been more a matter of fortunes than coherent desire, All that may change with massive data." It can be also used for predicting the presence of minerals with this system. Framework speculation helps to study the historical geography of earth that reshaped after some period, and the way it affects by life forms. The makers depict the way the movement of minerals containing copper reshaped the atmosphere of the earth. It is assumed that equivalent examination can be associated with planets, for instance, the geographical researches clarifies the natural background of the planet Mars. 2.Security, Privacy and Ethics In Data mining, the protection and legitimate issues that may come about are the fundamental keys to the developing clashes. The courses in which data mining can be utilised is bringing up issues concerning security. Consistently the administration and corporate elements assemble large measures of data about clients, putting away it in information distribution centres (Ryoo, 2017). Some portion of the worry is that once information is gathered and stored in an information stock room, who will approach this data? Frequently a buyer may not know that data collected about him/her is not recently imparted to who gathered the data. With the advances that are accessible today, data mining can be utilised to remove information from the information stock rooms, finding unique data and connections about clients and making associations given this extraction, which may put customer's data and protection in danger (Tasioulas, 2017). Data mining requires information plans that can cover shopper's data, which may trade off classification and security. Ethical Implication in Data Mining The utilisation of data mining, particularly information about individuals, has positive moral ramifications. Organizations confront a moral quandary when notwithstanding choosing if the organisation should make a man mindful his/her data is being put away for future data mining. By giving a person the alternative to quitting information gathering, an organisation can hurt its upper hand in a commercial centre (Witten et al., 2016). A group must choose if an absence of moral concern will cause a misfortune in cooperative attitude from purchases and experience the ill effects of a reaction from the organisation's customers. Organizations who utilise data-mining procedures must act dependably by monitoring the moral issues that are encompassing their particular application; they should likewise consider the intelligence in what they are doing. For instance, data mining once in a while can be utilised to segregate individuals, in particular about racial, sexual and religious introductio ns. The utilisation of data mining along these lines is viewed as deceptive, as well as illicit. People should be shielded from any untrustworthy utilisation of their data, and before they settle on any choice to give their information they have to know how this data will be utilised, why is its use, what parts of the data will be taken, and what results this activity will have. By doing this, Individuals will be educated and enlightened direct concerning the reasons and outcomes of utilising their data. Security Implications Data mining is the way of arranging right and serious inquiries to remove data from a lot of information in the database. As we probably are aware, data mining methods can be helpful in recouping issues in database security. Notwithstanding, with the development of advancement, it has been a genuine worry that data mining procedures can cause safety issues (Larose, 2014). A lot of security specialists see data mining as a standout amongst an essential difficulties that buyers will experience in the following decade. The unmistakable multifaceted nature in data mining is developing precise models for information examination without giving the privilege to utilise the data in particular client records, which will secure the database from being utilised the wrong way. Growing such models can lessen the security issues that customers may confront. Security issues in data mining are a standout amongst the most well known concerns due to the way that when utilising data mining people are r egularly working with a substantial measure of data, and they can approach it effortlessly (Larose, 2014). This is hazardous if this information was not utilised as a part of a safe way. As data mining certifications to open up heaps of new fields for extricating data from both old databases and future databases that might be created with data mining as a help reason, the data mining session in some great organisations propose that there can be not kidding security issues in data mining. Information warehousing organisations must screen who approaches the information inside and what parts of the information stockroom they approach. A case of a body that enables confined access to their information stock room for data mining reasons for existing is Wal-Mart (Witten et al., 2016). Wal-Mart has a comprehensive database of all their inventory, stores, and gathered information. Organizations that have items conveyed by Wal-Mart are permitted into Wal-Mart's database. This enables these organisations to dig this information for data concerning the offer of their items. Implication in Business Sector Guaranteeing information honesty is a key factor to ensure that data mining instruments and examination are significant and exact. Information uprightness ensures that information is predictable all through the database (Freitas, 2013). There are a few business rules that keep up the precision and uprightness of information put away in the database. Space imperatives concentrate on what might be relegated to a trait. Upon the production of a database, each quality must contain space name, information sort, (for example, numeric, character, date, or number), estimate, and the adequate range or estimation of the information. Referential trustworthiness expresses that each remote key esteem must be indistinguishable to an essential key esteem. Assume that a database exists with a database table titled client. The client will be doled out a customer ID. The customer id will in a perfect world at that point turn into the essential key (Larose, 2014). Presently, assume the client puts in a request inside the organisation. The Order table ought to contain the trait client ID also which will be recognised as the outside key of the Order table. Utilizing referential uprightness will ensure that when the client ID is questioned, that one the client who exists with the predetermined ID appears and what particular request that specific client has put. Consolidating the area, substance, and referential trustworthiness tenets will reduce the access of database data and enable the clients to change and erase mistake and irregularities. Respectability controls are put inside a database to shield the database from unapproved updates and sources of info (Rokach Maimon, 2014). Attestations are made so particular decides that is standing inside a business are executed through the database, (for example, Sarbanes-Oxley commands). Trigger controls are made so that if an occasion happens, (for example, a late instalment) a particular activity will occur, (for example, a new fine added to a record). Approval rules are made to so that there are limitations on who might have the capacity to see the information, enter the date, change the date, and erase the information. Approval rules are utilised to shield the information from the shot of a representative to adjust information that their employment has no approved limit in doing as such (Shmu eli Lichtendahl Jr, 2017). It additionally secures a man's data, that is contained in a database not to be perused by unapproved representatives. It is fundamental that honesty controls and standards are put into databases so the information may keep up its helpfulness and security assurance. If trustworthiness requirements were not executed inside a database, any data that could be produced from the database would be pointless. This thus would be futile for any data mining methods and examination. References Freitas, A. A. (2013).Data mining and knowledge discovery with evolutionary algorithms. Springer Science Business Media. Hooper, J. (2017).Data mining: How digging through big data can turn up new | Cosmos.Cosmosmagazine.com. Retrieved 12 August 2017, from https://cosmosmagazine.com/geoscience/data-mining-how-digging-through-big-data-can-turn-up-new-mineral-deposits Larose, D. T. (2014).Discovering knowledge in data: an introduction to data mining. John Wiley Sons. Rokach, L., Maimon, O. (2014).Data mining with decision trees: theory and applications. World scientific. Ryoo, J. (2017).Big data security problems threaten consumers' privacy.The Conversation. Retrieved 12 August 2017, from https://theconversation.com/big-data-security-problems-threaten-consumers-privacy-54798 Shmueli, G., Lichtendahl Jr, K. C. (2017).Data Mining for Business Analytics: Concepts, Techniques, and Applications in R. John Wiley Sons. Tasioulas, J. (2017).Big Data, Human Rights and the Ethics of Scientific Research Opinion ABC Religion Ethics (Australian Broadcasting Corporation).Abc.net.au. Retrieved 12 August 2017, from https://www.abc.net.au/religion/articles/2016/11/30/4584324.htm Witten, I. H., Frank, E., Hall, M. A., Pal, C. J. (2016).Data Mining: Practical machine learning tools and techniques. Morgan Kaufmann.

The diabetic diet free essay sample

t.Essentuki THE DIABETIC DIET. Abstract on English by Kuranov Alina Olegovna # 8211 ; a pupil of Essentuki medical college group # 8470 ; 261. 2002 # 1075 ; . Diabetess. Diabetess Mellitus ( when the term diabetes is used entirely, it ever refers to diabetes mellitus ) is a status in which the organic structure is unable to utilize sugar decently. Sugar ( saccharide ) is the substance our organic structure uses as its major beginning of energy. Once this sugar is absorbed in the blood, it is referred to as blood sugar or blood glucose. Insulin ( a endocrine made in the pancreas that regulates the blood sugar ) is either losing or deficient. As a consequence, the organic structure can non utilize energy foods ( saccharides, fat, protein ) efficaciously and the cells of the organic structure starve . The sugar in the blood may lift to high degrees alternatively of being used for energy. Blood sugar is excreted through piss, which makes excess work for the kidneys doing frequent micturition and inordinate thirst. We will write a custom essay sample on The diabetic diet or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Treatment Diet, exercising and medicine are of import factors that must be coordinated for diabetes to be kept in control. Medication is non used to handle all instances of diabetes. Medicine when used can either be in the signifier of a pill ( unwritten hypoglycaemic agents ) or insulin, which must be injected. Diet, exercising and medicine all affect intervention but unless the diet program is followed carefully no method of intervention will be effectual. By eating the right nutrients in the right sums diet can really assist command the basic job of diabetes. Harmonizing to Control Your Diabetes Education Program for Life, a plan sponsored by the National Diabetes Education Program, people who take control of diabetes will, in the short tally, experience better, have more energy, and prevent the undermentioned marks and symptoms of high blood sugar: thirst, weariness, frequent micturition, weight loss, blurred vision, and slow healing of cuts and contusions. In the long tally, they decrease their opportunities of developing oculus disease, kidney disease, and nervus harm, and add old ages to their lives. THE DIABETIC DIET. Purpose: The diabetic diet is designed to accomplish and keep desirable organic structure weight and near normal blood glucose degrees, cut down hyperglycaemia, glycosuria, and associated symptoms of diabetes in order to minimise the complications often associated with this disease. Use: It is used for the individual with either insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus or non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The calorie-controlled diet may be adapted for weight decrease and weight care. The Calorie degree prescribed for the diabetic is based on whether the individual needs to lose or derive weight or merely keep the present weight. The calorie degree specified is determined from the tallness, organic structure physique, ideal weight and physical activity degree. General Guidelines for the Diabetic Diet. 1. Avoid concentrated beginnings of saccharides ( sugars ) such as table sugar, honey, jelly, jam, molasses, sirup, maize sirup, confect, regular soft drinks, pies, rings, cookies, pastries, regular mastication gum, and sweet pickles. 2. Avoid sweetened fruits, juices and fruit drinks. Choose fruit, which is fresh, frozen or packed in H2O or its ain juice. Avoid fruits canned in heavy sirup. 3. Avoid sweetened carbonated sodium carbonates, juices and H2O. 4. Learn nutrients both high and low in sugar that are presented in the No Concentrated Sweet Food List 5. Three repasts at regular times should be consumed daily. Make non jump repasts. 6. A nutritionally equal repast program that limits the sum of concentrated fat, cholesterin and salt in the diet. Fat consumption should be 30 % or less of thermal consumption and less than 10 % of day-to-day caloric intake from saturated fat. Dietary cholesterin should be limited to 300 milligram or less daily. 2,400 milligram or less per twenty-four hours of Na is recommended. 7. Daily ingestion of 20-35 g of dietetic fibre from a broad assortment of nutrients is recommended. 8. Mild to chair weight loss ( 10-20 lbs. has been shown to better diabetes control, even if desirable organic structure weight is non achieved. ) 9. Read the label to find the sugar content of packaged nutrients. In add-on to saccharify, brown sugar and maize sirup, other names that are used on ingredient labels include: sucrose, glucose, dextrose, fructose, maltose, lactose, sorbitol, mannitol, honey, maize sirup, maize sirup solids, high fructose maize sirup, molasses, maple sirup. 10. Monitoring of lipoids, blood force per unit area and organic structure weight is important. 11. Glycated haemoglobin ( HbA1C ) and day-to-day monitoring of blood glucose are standard tools to mensurate glucose control. # 183 ; For persons with Type 1 diabetes, self-monitoring 4 times daily or more is recommended to keep near-normal blood glucose degrees and addition control. Testing 4 times a twenty-four hours, before each repast, and at bedtime, facilitates accommodations to insulin, repasts, and exercising plan. # 183 ; For persons with Type 2 diabetes, self-monitoring 1-2 times daily or more is recommended to avoid hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia symptoms. # 183 ; Newly diagnosed persons should prove blood glucose 4 times a twenty-four hours, before each repast, and at bedtime, or more is recommended to keep near-normal blood glucose degrees and addition control. Testing facilitates accommodations to insulin, repasts, and exercising plan. # 183 ; After a stable form has been established in blood glucose degrees, persons should prove before breakfast, 3-7 times each hebdomad. Once or twice each month you should return to proving 4 times a twenty-four hours ( before each repast, and at bedtime ) to guarantee care of a stable form. No CONCENTRATED SWEETS, LOW FAT DIET. ( Low SUGAR-LOW FAT ) Purpose: The no concentrated Sweets, low fat diet is designed to restrict the entire sum of fat and sugar in the diet to cut down serum lipoid degrees and to accomplish and keep near normal blood glucose degrees. This diet is for people who find the exchange system excessively confusing or curtailing to follow. Use: It is used for the individual with either non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus or for people who need or want to cut down on their sugar and fa Ts intake. The calorie-controlled diet may be adapted for weight decrease and weight care for persons that do non hold diabetes. It is besides used for individuals with elevated serum cholesterin degrees or those who are bad campaigners for bosom disease. General Guidelines. # 183 ; Limit total fat consumption to less than 30 % of entire day-to-day Calories. # 183 ; Reduce saturated fat consumption ( ruddy meat, cheese, whole milk, butter, ice pick, etc. ) # 183 ; Eat less transfat ( stick oleo, shortening, bars, pies, Gallic french friess, snack french friess. ) # 183 ; Eat less cholesterin ( bound egg yolks to more than 4 per hebdomad and meat, fish, domestic fowl to no more than 6 ounces a twenty-four hours ) # 183 ; Reduce sugar consumption. # 183 ; Eat more fruits, veggies, beans, whole grain staff of lifes, and cereals. # 183 ; Maintain a healthy weight. # 183 ; Exercise at least 30 proceedingss on most yearss ( alert walking, aerobic exercises, biking, etc. ) # 183 ; Experiment with formulas by bit by bit cut downing the sum of sugar by 1/4th so l/3rd so 1/2. # 183 ; Use the sweet spices # 8212 ; cinnamon cloves ginger or Myristica fragrans # 8212 ; to convey out sugariness in adust goods. # 183 ; Be careful when utilizing particular diet or dietary nutrients such as dietary bar, cookies, confect and ice pick. These nutrients contain some signifier of sweetening and, hence, Calories. No CONCENTRATED SWEET FOOD LIST. Purpose: The no concentrated Sweets diet is designed to accomplish and keep near normal blood glucose degrees, and cut down associated symptoms of diabetes in order to minimise the complications often associated with this disease. This diet is for people who find the exchange system excessively confusing or curtailing to follow. Use: It is used for the individual with either non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus or for people who need or want to cut down on their sugar consumption. It is non intended for the individual with diabetes taking insulin. The calorie-controlled diet may be adapted for weight decrease and weight care. # 183 ; Eat three repasts at regular times. Do non jump repasts. # 183 ; Limit total fat consumption to less than 30 % of entire day-to-day Calories. # 183 ; Reduce saturated fat consumption ( ruddy meat, cheese, whole milk, butter, ice pick, etc. ) # 183 ; Eat less transfat ( stick oleo, shortening, bars, pies, French french friess, snack french friess. ) # 183 ; Eat less cholesterin ( bound egg yolks to more than 4 per hebdomad and meat, fish, domestic fowl to no more than 6 ounces a twenty-four hours. ) # 183 ; Reduce salt consumption ( canned and dried soups, fast nutrient, frozen dinners, pizza, processed meats and cheese. ) # 183 ; Eat more fruits, veggies, beans, whole grain staff of lifes, and cereals. # 183 ; Maintain a healthy weight. Mild to chair weight loss ( 10-20 pound. has been shown to better diabetes control, even if desirable organic structure weight is non achieved. ) # 183 ; Recommend 20-35 grams/day of dietetic fibre from a broad assortment of nutrients. # 183 ; Be careful when utilizing particular diet or dietary nutrients such as dietary bar, cookies, confect and ice pick. These nutrients contain some signifier of sweetening and, hence, Calories. # 183 ; Monitor blood glucose, glycated haemoglobin, lipoids, blood force per unit area and organic structure weight. # 183 ; Exercise at least 30 proceedingss on most yearss ( alert walking, aerobic exercises, biking, etc ) . Regular exercising improves control of blood sugar and is an of import portion of any healthy life style. # 183 ; Experiment with formulas by bit by bit cut downing the sum of sugar by 1/4th so l/3rd so 1/2. # 183 ; Use the sweet spices # 8212 ; cinnamon cloves ginger or Myristica fragrans # 8212 ; to convey out sugariness in adust goods. # 183 ; Read the label to find the sugar content of packaged nutrients. In add-on to saccharify, brown sugar and maize sirup, other names that are used on ingredient labels include: sucrose, glucose, dextrose, fructose, maltose, modified nutrient amylum, natural sweetenings, lactose, sorbitol, Osmitrol, honey, maize sirup, maize sirup solids, high fructose maize sirup, molasses, maple sirup. ABOUT THE MAJOR NUTRIENTS IN THE DIABETIC DIET. Carbohydrates are made up of simple sugars, complex saccharides, and fiber. Simple saccharides are normally known as sugars, beginnings of simple saccharides include table sugar, confects and other Sweets, sodium carbonates and bakeshop goods. The sugar in these nutrients is in a signifier that is absorbed easy by the organic structure, as opposed to the slower-digesting complex saccharides. Complex saccharides include all the complex starches and fiber, such as those found in grains, cereals, staff of lifes and starchy veggies like murphies, maize, peas and beans. Milk, fruit and veggies besides contribute important sums of saccharide in the diet. 100 % of the saccharides eaten are broken down into glucose. Therefore saccharides elevate the blood sugar at a faster rate than either protein or flesh out so merely mensural sums should be consumed. Complex saccharides contain many indispensable foods and are the organic structure s most effectual beginning of energy. Proteinprovides aminic acids for your organic structure to construct, keep, and fix cells and musculus tissue, heal lesions, and back up the immune system. It is really easy to acquire protein in our diet, in fact, most Americans consume 2-3 times more protein than necessary. Excess protein does non make musculus, as many hope, but is stored as fat. Excess protein can set strive on the liver and kidneys. The best protein beginnings are milk, yoghurt, cheese, thin meat, domestic fowl, fish, beans, eggs, and nuts. Breads, cereals and veggies contribute little sums of protein in the diet. About 60 % of the protein eaten are broken down into glucose. Dieticians recommend about 45 to 50 gms of protein a twenty-four hours for most adult females and 50 to 60 gms a twenty-four hours for most work forces or 10 per centum to 20 per centum of day-to-day Calories. Children and babies, who are turning quickly, need more protein, as do pregnant adult females. Fat, like saccharides, are used by the organic structure for fuel and are indispensable for the soaking up of certain vitamins. Although some fat in the diet is necessary, excessively much fat can take to bosom disease, fleshiness and other wellness jobs. Fats should consist no more than 30 % of day-to-day Calories, or even lower. Fats in the diet may be of animate being or vegetable beginning. Examples of fat in the diet are gravy, bacon, oleo, butter, pick, salad dressings and nuts. Meats and some milk merchandises besides contain important sums of fat. About 10 % of the fat eaten is broken down into glucose. The balance is stored as fat for future usage

World Literature Paper, Odyssey Essays

World Literature Paper, Odyssey Essays World Literature Paper, Odyssey Essay World Literature Paper, Odyssey Essay Essay Topic: Back in the World Stories The Odyssey The Effects of the Gods on Fate in Epics and Tragedies Michael Moloney In both tragedies and epic poems, the gods affect fate in various ways. The epic I will be investigating is The Odyssey. The tragedy I will investigate is Oedipus the King. The gods affect fate in differently throughout these two stories. Since both these stories were written by the ancient Greeks, they perfectly exemplify the Greek religious value that the gods controlled life. The gods control the events of the plot and push the characters towards their ultimate ends, both the heroic, and the tragic.In the Odyssey, the gods directly put in motion the major events of the plot. They directly interfere with the lives of Odysseus, his men, and the Cyclops. â€Å"The strong god glittering left her as he spoke, and new her lady, having given head to Zeus’s mandate, went to find Odysseus†¦Ã¢â‚¬  -Page 753 In this passage, Hermes was sent by Zeus to Calypso’s island to free Odysseus. This supports m y statement because if it wasn’t for the actions of Hermes and Zeus, Odysseus never would have left Calypso’s island, the entire story never would have been told, and Odysseus’s fate never would have been fulfilled. Now Zeus the Lord of Cloud roused in the North a storm against the ships†¦we saw death in that fury, dropped the yard†¦and pulled for the nearest lee. † -Page 757 Because of Zeus’s interference, they were disoriented and accidentally sailed to the Lotus Eaters’ Island. By doing this, Zeus set in motion the events that led to everything else in the story and Odysseus and his men had to pass through all their other trials and tribulations on the way back to Ithaca. â€Å"Now comes the weird  upon me, spoken of old.A wizard, grand and wondrous, lived here†¦ and these things he foretold for time to come:     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   my great eye lost, and at Odysseus’ hands. † -Page 769, Polyphemus I n this passage, Polyphemus, the Cyclops, reveals a prophecy involving him. When the gods blew Odysseus and his crew off-course, and they landed on the island, they fulfilled the Cyclops’s fate. In Oedipus the King, the gods influence fate more indirectly than directly. They mainly utilize the blind prophet Tieresias as a way to enact their will without being directly involved in Oedipus’s life. â€Å"What is to come will come, even if it is shrouded in darkness. -Page 20, Tieresias This quote illustrates the inevitability of fate. It doesn’t explicitly support my thesis, until you take into account that â€Å"what is to come† is Oedipus’s fate, which is being propelled by a prophecy of Apollo. â€Å"He will be revealed as brother and father of the children with whom he now lives, the son and husband of the woman who gave him birth, the murderer and marriage partner of his father. † Page 27, Tieresias In this quote, Tieresias reveals one of his prophecies. Since Oedipus is the person that this prophecy applies to, it leads to many major events in the plot.These include Oedipus discovering his fate, Jocasta killing herself, and Oedipus blinding himself. Without Apollo and the Oracle of Delphi, none of these events would have occurred. â€Å"Oh god, it has all come true! Light, let this be the last time I see you. I stand revealed born in shame, married in shame, an unnatural murderer. † -Page 69, Oedipus In this section Oedipus realized that the prophecy came true, and that due to the gods, he fulfilled the fate that he desperately tried to avoid. In The Odyssey and Oedipus the King, the gods affect fate in similar ways as well.This next portion of my paper will address several common links between the two stories. â€Å"Oh Father Zeus and gods in bliss forever, punish Odysseus’s men. So overweening, now they have killed my peaceful kine, my joy   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   at morning when I climbed the sky of stars,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   and evening, when I bore westward from heaven. Restitution or penalty they shall pay- and pay in full- or I go down forever to light the dead men in the underworld. †¦Ã¢â‚¬  -Page 786, Helios When Odysseus’s crew killed and ate the Cattle of the Sun, Helios asked Zeus to punish them. Zeus killed them all with a lightning bolt, fulfillingTieresias’s prophecy. This links it to Oedipus because Oedipus was also a victim of a prophecy. â€Å"As for the murderer himself, I call down a curse on him, whether that unknown figure be one man, or one among many. † -Page 15, Oedipus â€Å"O hear me, lord, blue girdler of the islands†¦grant that Odysseus, raider of cities, never     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   see his home†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Page 770, Polyphemus These two stories link The Odyssey and Oedipus because in the first passage, Oedipus is calling down a curse on the murderer, asking the gods to punish him; and in the second passage Polyphemus is asking Poseidon, his father, to punish Odysseus.Now, because of all this evidence, it is clear that without the involvement of the gods, the fates of these two characters would never have come true, and many important events in the plot never would have happened. Whether direct or indirect, the gods are a major engine in moving the plot along. They operate through nature, and direct involvement, as well as prophecies and curses. The gods, no matter how they do it, affect fate throughout epics and tragedies.

Dissertation paraphrasing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 8250 words

Dissertation paraphrasing - Essay Example It is a major concern to reduce the carbon emissions by utilizing the clean sources of energy. Most of the power generated in the Saudi Arabia is from the thermal power plants and there is a need to utilize sustainable resources such as wind and solar energy. Jeddah is situated near Mecca and plays a main role in consuming electricity. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is a leading country in the middle east of the Arabian Peninsula. The Area covered by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is almost twenty one and a half million square kilometres (2,150,000 sq km). Islamic laws are followed in the country and people lead their lives according to Holy Quran and Prophet’s Sunnah. The present monarch of the country is King Abdullah Bin Abdul Aziz who is also guardian of the two holy mosques. The capital city of the country is Riyadh, which is also the biggest city of the country. The total urban area of the city is one thousand five hundred and fifty four square kilometres (1554 sq km). 4.6 million People are residing in the city of Riyadh. The second biggest city of the kingdom of Saudi Arabia with an urban area of seven hundred and forty eight square kilometres (748 sq km) is Jeddah. It located on the coastal line of Red Sea. Almost 3.4 million people are residing in the city of Jeddah. An approximated population of the Ki ngdom of Saudi Arabia is 28.7 million in which 5.6 million people are non-natives and rest are natives. The urban population of the country is almost 82% of the total population. The weather in the Arabian Peninsula is a bit harsh as compared to other places. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has coastal as well as desert regions. In the country’s southwest mountains are also present. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has both dry and humid weather. The major part of the desert is deserted and except some tribes, no one faces the extreme weather of the

USPS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

USPS - Essay Example Thus, the functional system if affected in the long run. II. Information system: which are supposed to ensure that information flows throughout the organization? However, the large number of union members makes it difficult for the organization to pass information to its members. This makes it difficult for the organizational members to make any meaningful decisions. This generally affects the team-building aspect of the organization and the financial situation of the organization only worsens the situation (Hicks, 2014). III. Divisional system ensures that an organization is able to enable its employees or members to have the required specialization and division of labor for the well-being of the organization. The employees reports to a general manager who then reports to a senior executive officer. However, the current absence of leadership makes the situation difficult. If the leaders were present in the organization, they could come up with creative strategies to motivate the workers thus enabling the required teamwork in the organization (Kille, 2013). Hicks, J. (2014, May 9). Postal Service lost $1.9 billion in second quarter, despite uptick for first-class mail. Retrieved from http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/federal- eye/wp/2014/05/09/postal-service-lost-1-9-billion-in-second-quarter/ Kille, L. W. (2013, July 8). The U.S. Postal Service and financial sustainability: Research roundup. Retrieved from http://journalistsresource.org/studies/government/budget/us- postal-service-financial-sustainability-research-roundup# Wieczner, J. (2012, August 27). Postal Service Financial Problems: 10 Things They Dont Want You to Know. Retrieved from

Foucaults Analysis Of Power

Foucaults Analysis Of Power For Foucault, knowledge ceases to be about liberation and becomes a mode of surveillance, regulation and discipline. Examine this statement in relation to Foucaults analysis of power. The issue of power is a topic which has perplexed not only many Sociologists, but certainly many scholars within the field of Philosophy, Psychology and indeed many others. The Sociologist most noted with this theory is Michel Foucault. Foucault gave a comprehensive and in depth analysis of power, which we will discuss later. However, before we do, we must look at the life of Foucault, as to gain a better understanding of his works. Paul-Michel Foucault, a French Philosopher, Historian and Sociologist lived from October 1926- June 1984. He held the title History of Systems of thought at the notably prestigious College de France, as well as lecturing at the University of Buffalo and the University of Berkley, one of Americas most famous institutions. He refused time and time again to call himself a post-modernist, although he was highly influenced by post-modernist thought. He is most publically recognised for his critical studies of Social Institutions, with particular emphasis on medicine, psychiatry and the human sciences. His work on Power, Knowledge and Discourse has become the topic of much discussion, and has been taken up by many other key thinkers. During the 1960s, Foucault was associated with the structural movement, however he tried to distance himself from this. He preferred to think of himself as a pupil forwarding the Enlightenment views of Kant, trying to show that a side about individual liberty could be applied to improve the Enlightenment theory. According to Giddens, The study of power- how individuals and groups achieve their ends as against those of others- is of fundamental importance in Sociology. Classical thinkers, such as Karl Marx and Max Weber, placed importance on this theory, with Foucault building upon their foundations of theory. Unlike many before him, Foucault saw power as not being concentrated in the hands of the few in one place. Foucault showed in his complex writings that power could be found in all social relationships and not just in the hands of States. However, much of his work is spent showing the ways in which the States exercise their power over the populations. For Foucault, power is ultimately linked with knowledge; they exist because of one another. Therefore, the States power then extends from the development of new types of Knowledge. With the emergence of these, society is able to collect more information about the population and thus control it better. Power, however, whilst restricting people, can also enable them to do things. Power can also only operate if society has a certain amount of freedom, as society tries to restrict, people often try, and succeed, in slipping from its grasp. Foucaults early work on Madness and Civilisation (1967) described how, by the Eighteenth Century, unemployment, poverty and madness started to be seen as social problems by the States. Before this, the mad were free from state intervention, and were allowed to wander as they liked in rural areas; or they were put to sea in ships of fools. However, these became replaced with areas of confinement, such as madhouses, where they became isolated and separated from the rest of civilisation. According to Foucault, this was due to the European culture with a sense of responsibility for these social problems. A duty of responsibility was formed for the mad. However, by the 19th Century, these methods of separating groups was seen as being a mistake. New methods were developed to separate the different groups. Psychiatry began to take off, and became a new means by which to categorise people, for example, as being mad or suffering from some form of illness. As this happened, the discourse of the social sciences came to be involved in power relationships. Maden Sarup (1988) argued that the term discourse as used by Foucault, meant practices that systematically form the object of which they speak. According to this then, the development of psychiatric theories created mental illness. It was a discourse used to control certain groups within the population. This technique became crucial in the States gradual development of administration. The term administration allowed monitoring and possible control over people and their behaviour. However, according to Foucault, it was not just a straight forward power held by the state. Rather, it allowe d power relationships on an individual level, for example, between a psychiatrist and a patient. In Foucaults later work, Discipline and Punish (1975), he explored these themes in much more depth. Foucault begins with a very gruesome account of the public execution of Damiens in Paris, 1757. He was, in todays terms, tortured. However, Foucault makes the point that by the late 18th Century the use of public punishment began to dwindle. Punishment became private, rather than public, with the use of better, more efficient methods, for example, hanging. This also saw the implementation of more prison sentences. They obey a strict regime of work, sleep and education. According to Foucault, these changes involved a shift in the practices of punishment. Before the use of prisons, the main focus of punishment was on the pain inflicted to the body. However, the use of prisons focused on punishing the soul. It was to do with a loss of rights now, for example the right to freedom. The almost guarantee of being caught was meant to deter people, rather than the fear of public humiliation whi ch thus had failed. This new method was intended to offer reformation rather than to make the offender suffer. There was, as Foucault made clear no absolute shift in punishment methods, as capital punishment was, as is, still practiced. However, there was a definite shift to the latter method from the former. A change in what exactly was being judged also occurred. Before, it was the act being judged, whereas now it was the type of person they were. Extenuating circumstances were now taken into account. The level of punishment now focused on the motivation behind the crime. As Foucault stated, The question is no longer has the act been established and is it punishable? But also: What is this act, what is this act of violence or this murder? To what level or what field of reality does it belong? These questions could only be answered by a range of specialists, for example, psychiatrists and psychologists. Control became fragmented in this specialist knowledge. Foucault claims A corpus of knowledge, techn iques, and scientific discourses is formed and becomes entangled with the practice of the power to punish. Even as the state developed methods to control people, it gave power to the experts who had the knowledge, thus again proving the link between knowledge and power. However, with the exercise of power and knowledge relationships, Foucault makes the important point that they are not entirely negative. There also exist positive responses to them. It can allow certain things to be achieved. The example Foucault uses is the motivation of workers to become better and improve the labour power that societies may require. Moreover, power is not something possessed by individuals, power is exercised rather than possessed. Also, power can only be used when people have a choice about what to do; and Foucault makes the point that there are extremely few occasions when people will have no choice. Someone would be able to resist by possibly committing suicide, or killing the other, (Foucault 1988). Therefore, it is always possible to resist those exercising power, the result, however, produces an element of uncertainty. Power has the ability to be reversed. He argues à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the fact that I am older and that at first you were intimidated can, in the co urse of the conversation, turn about and it is I who can become intimidated before someone, precisely because he is younger, (Hindess, 1996). In his work on discipline, Foucault again states that power and knowledge are inseparable, We should admit that power produces knowledgeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ that power and knowledge directly imply one another; that there is now power relation without correlative constitutions of a field of knowledge, now any knowledge that does not presuppose and constitute at the same time power relations. Thus, it becomes possible to resist the exertion of power by challenging the knowledge on which it was based. For example, a patient may question a doctors diagnosis, thus challenging the knowledge and overcoming the power of the doctors expertise. Because each implies the other, power relationships can be seen in all aspects of society. They are not just seen between State and citizen relations, or between classes. Therefore, for Foucault, Marxism is too limited as it only focuses on the power relationships between classes. As the same, Pluralism only focuses on state exerted power. They are inadequat e as they are too narrow, and fail to look at the everyday interactions of people and the commonly used discourses involved therein. Foucault does not believe that power and knowledge is not exercised by the state alone; however that does not imply that he feels they are absent from the state either. Attempts are continually made by Governments and other bodies to control and manipulate behaviours. Sophisticated techniques can be developed to do this, although they are never entirely successful. In his text, Foucault enters into extreme detail about the ways in which states oversee activities involving power and knowledge. He discussed the English philosopher Jeremy Benthams prison design, the Panopticon. It was never fully used, although pieces of the design were incorporated into prison construction. The main feature of this design was a central tower. It allowed the guards to see into any cell at any given time. Back lighting would mean they could observe without the prisoners knowledge; thus forcing them to never misbehave, as they would never know if a guard was looking at them. They would have discipline enforced upon them. For Foucault, discipline was an important feature for modern societies. Surveillance techniques, such as Closed Circuit Television, or CCTV, were used to observe peoples behaviour in public places, thus encouraging a strong regime of self-discipline. People then began to grow accustomed to control their actions, whether being observed or not, the fear was enough. Discipline therefore gives people the power to regulate their own behaviour. This is based on Foucaults notion that we all have a soul, and this can be manipulated. However, what Foucault calls a soul being manipulated, some may argue that it is, in fact, a psychological technique, thus taking the power away from the state and back to the expert psychologist. This notion is more effective, however, than simply inflicting pain. You do not punish the body; rather you produce docile bodies which pose no threat as they are self-disciplined. Discipline plays an important in Governance, however it is also found in many other organisations, and is never truly successful. According to Hindess (1996), the suggestion is, then, that we live in a world of disciplinary projects, all of which suffer from more or less successful attempts at resistance and evasion. The result is a disciplinary, but hardly disciplined society. For Foucault, government goes beyond the activities of state. The pupil who misbehaves or the patient who denies the diagnosis are as much a feature of modern societies as the docile body of a disciplined citizen. In conclusion, Foucaults work provides significant insight into the nature of power. He succeeds in showing how power and knowledge are connected closely. He also shows how power is found in other social relationships other than what involves the government, and demonstrates how power is never likely to be absolute. Furthermore, he successfully shows how people will try to evade any exertion of power onto them. His work is much more subtly done than the theory of some Marxists and Pluralists. However, it can be said that he fails to take into account the importance of some of these theories in relation to power. He neglects the view that power can be exercised in the field of economics, and also neglects the power that the military can exercise. Moreover, Foucault at times seems to contradict himself. He claims that the Governments have an increased ability to surveil and regulate the citizens. However, he then says that power can be exercised when we have some freedom, and that resistance is impossible. These statements would seem to be at opposite ends of the pole. Furthermore, Foucaults definition is much different than that of, for example, the sociologist Max Weber, who asserts that power is exercised because we do not have freedom to act as we chose to do rather than as we are told to do. However, Foucault does certainly offer an alternative idea which is provocative in the field of research. He uses a very intriguing analysis of how States develop techniques of social control.

Arabizi Effects on the Arabic language Essay

I. Introduction: Whenever you walk at the campus of the American University of Sharjah, you will definitely find the young Arab girls wear trendy Western dresses as well as the Arab boys wear stylish Western clothes. And even students with more conservative dresses seem more Western than Eastern. No matter how young Arab people wear or look like nowadays, they even tend to be different in the language they use in typing and communicating. There is a widespread linguistic phenomenon that tremendously encroaches their lives and ultimately leads them to write in an unusual language. This language is well-known nowadays among Arabs especially the youth as â€Å"Arabizi†. Arabizi, a slang term derived from the words arabi or Arabic and englizi or English, is used to describe the melding between Arabic and English (Yaghan, 2008). It is a common contemporary trend for typing that has largely spread among young Arabs who use Arabic numerals and Latin characters to communicate, i.e. â€Å"5alas† . Given the linguistic, cultural and social significance that Arabizi has in contemporary society, indeed it is extremely interesting and also important to deeply investigate this phenomenon in order to determine  its dimensions, causes and possible consequences. Questions, controversies and concerns have been heavily raised over this issue. Questions like â€Å"Why do young people use Arabizi?†, â€Å"To what extent will it affect our language which is a critical component of our Arabic identity?† and so on have been asked by many specialists and scholars and even ordinary people. Some users may think it is helpful and easy to communicate, but also others are concerned about how Arabizi can dramatically affect our Arabic language. Linguistic scholars specifically are concerned about the severe results of the continuous use of Arabizi in our daily activities that may lead at the end to the extinction of our language. Therefore, this paper will investigate the effects of Arabizi on the Arabic language as a major component of identity focusing on students from the American University of Sharjah. II. Literature Review: Technology and Language Arabizi may be considered as a new phenomenon in contemporary society; however, its origin goes back to the mid-1990s with the introduction of technology (Warschauer, 2002). Technology that was supposed to convert the world into a global village removing all borders among people, in reality worked reversely in categorizing people as well as countries into haves and have nots (Warschauer, 2002). That is if a product is made in the United Kingdom or the United States, it is up to the consumer whether to adapt to English or decide not to use the product at all. Dr. David Wilmsen, a professor of Arabic at the American University of Beirut that has written comprehensively on linguistics, considers cell phone as the critical Western product that created Arabizi in the Arab world (Salhani, 2013). According to Dr. Wilmsen, when mobile phones were firstly introduced to the Arab world, they were very expensive and keyboards came with Latin characters. Elites who could afford it, communicated t hrough messages easily in English. However due to the increasing demand, mobile phones became inexpensive and owned by almost everyone. Those people might not know English but they wanted to use the simplicity of the English keyboard on their mobile phones and the result was Arabizi (Salhani, 2013). Although cell phones and other technological means are provided nowadays with Arabic keyboards, Arabs still  do not use it and prefer to write in Latin characters. Bruna Kesserwani, the Middle East Regional Director of the World Youth Alliance, on a personal side finds it easier to write in Arabizi in spite of using both Arabic and English in workplace and daily life. However, Kesserwani strongly believes that Arabizi might have severe cultural and linguistic consequences (Salhani, 2013). Education System and Language The impact of Arab’s over-reliance on English-based technology has affected many other critical aspects of Arab society. As Warschauer explained throughout his book, university-level courses that are taught in English are expanding nowadays to further include other linguistic courses such as Arabic. Consequently, parents are forced to register their children in English-based schools so they can afford a good job in the future and maintain a high status in society (2002). However, this desire for upward social mobility has led to â€Å"cultural-linguistic dualism† (Findlow, 2006). Therefore, Arab youth can speak, interact and even live with a linguistic mixture of Arabic and English. However, this phenomenon can lead us to recognize these dramatic concepts â€Å"language death†, â€Å"language loss†, â€Å"language decay† and even â€Å"linguistic genocide†, which convey the increasing concerns about the future of the Arabic language (Findlow, 2006). Education has a critical role to play in the discourse of how the Arabic language is rapidly disappearing from new generations’ lives and heavily displaced by English. Schools nowadays in the Middle East adopt English as the major language of teaching and as a consequence they are teaching Arabic to Arab students as a foreign language: usually one hour a day (Dhabi, 2004). According to Dr. Saiyad Ahmad, assistant professor of Eastern Studies at the American University of Sharjah, â€Å"most Arab youth don’t know their language†. He highlighted the critical responsibility of the education system in maintaining the Arabic culture and heritage. According to him, â€Å"nowadays, if someone doesn’t know English, they’re seen as uneducated †¦ people have forgotten other ways and means of thinking†. â€Å"We have effectively lost our authenticity †¦ our ideas are not our own, but are imported like other products,† he added (El Darawy, 2005). Personal Justifications for Using Arabizi To assess the role of Arabizi in contemporary society, there is an inherent need to deeply answer the question â€Å"why young people nowadays use Arabizi?† In a study conducted by Dr. Mohammad Yaghan, a group of high school students were asked about their reasons and justifications for using Arabizi in their daily lives. One of the reasons was that teenagers nowadays find Arabizi a trend in which they would like to belong to and by that way they will blend easily with similar group members. Other students believed that classical Arabic letters should be used for educational purposes but not for slang. Also, students explained how Arabizi is useful in expressing issues that cannot be expressed otherwise in classical Arabic letters. Economics is another major reason of using Arabizi, since the number of characters allowed in a message written in English is much larger than that in Arabic. Last but not least, participants expressed their preference of Arabizi over pure Arabic or English as it is a flexible system, not taught and free of errors (Yaghan, 2008). In addition, many Arabs feel that Arabic is very complicated and therefore they wanted to combine their mother tongue with English to create Arabizi which is somehow easier in communication (Salhani, 2013). In an interview conducted with college students at the American University in Cairo asking about their logic for using Arabizi as a means of communication with their friends, students emphasized two main points. Firstly, they explained how Arabic restricts them from discussing everyday topics and on the other hand how melding Arabic and English allow them to talk freely about their daily issues. Secondly, they illustrated how comfortable they feel when they use Arabizi to talk about taboos and other issues that cannot be expressed in Arabic such as sex (Yaghan, 2008). Not only young Arab people have justifications and causes for using Arabizi, but also elder people do have their own defense for using it. Those young people who use Arabizi will soon graduate and get jobs, but they will also transfer with them their own way of typing and communicating. Ali Nasser, a 24 year old employee, sees no problems in using Arabizi. He considers Arabizi as a valid means of communication in emailing other co-workers and communicating inside the organization. Furthermore, he believes that Arabic  is difficult for typing and expressing the self and other everyday topics. Personally, he does not see any indication that Arabizi weakens his Arabic, but rather people are over romanticized about this matter (Ghanem, 2011). The Internet and Arabizi The internet and online usage of language reveal how complicated the issue is. A study on young internet users in Egypt was done by Mark Warschauer, a professor at the University of California, Ph.D. in Education program and founding director of UCI’s Digital Learning Lab, to determine which language they use on the internet. The study found that Arabic was rarely used on the internet, but rather a mixture of Arabic and English was commonly used by the participants. This â€Å"Romanized Arabic† as Warschauer called it, was heavily used in informal emails and online chatting. According to Warschauer, this phenomenon gave its users a new universe in which they can freely discuss different religious and political topics, due to the absence of an explicit authoritarian censorship in a context where informality was the basis (Attwa, 2012). In another study conducted in Egypt, Singapore and Hawai’i, online language use was analyzed to examine webs of interrelationships. The study concluded that in a world where English is the dominant language, there is a major contradiction between global networks and local identities (Warschauer, 2002). This major online presence in young Arab people’s lives can have major consequences on their belief system and language which is a critical component of their identity. A study on technology and youth at the University of Melbourne showed that communication technologies strongly empower young people to create and maintain a sense of identity, power and unity (Carroll, Howard, Vetere, Peck & Murphy, 2001). Since this created identity is the outcome of complex electronic interactions, then the required language for communication is what forms the user’s identity (Markham, 2008). Therefore, when Arab youth choose to construct their Arabic language with Latin letters, they create their own linguistic identity in the way they want to represent themselves to the entire world (Markham, 2008). In a study intended to investigate the impact of the internet in the Arab world, Arabs’ perceptions and opinions about the influence of the internet  on their belief system, language and identity were deeply investigated. It showed that the majority of well-educated Arabs are concerned that their inherited social norms are harmed by the internet and other new technologies. They also indicated their annoyance about Arabizi as a threat to their language as well as their identity (Loch, Straub, & Kamel, 2003). However, all individuals as well as countries kowtow to modern technology in all its forms which shapes their beliefs, behaviors and actions (Brette, 2003). Not only technology users have opinions and thoughts about this matter, but also people who are in position to affect how the Arabic language can be used on the internet have their own points of view. According to Fayeq Oweis, manager of the Arabic localisation team at Google, â€Å"Arabic is a thriving language and can be adapted to modern technology† (Al Tamimi, 2012, para.1). Oweis believes that there are basically three dangers that threaten the Arabic language in the Arab world. The first is using foreign terminologies in spite of the existence of Arabic synonyms. The second is writing Arabic but using foreign characters, which is heavily and commonly used on the internet. The third is including different dialects in the sentence. In Oweis’s opinion, the best way to avoid these three threats is to use correct and proper Arabic not only in everyday use or formal communication, but also in the technology field (Al Tamimi, 2012). In order to put this solution into practice, Google has introduced â€Å"Google Ta3reeb† in 2009 (Al Tamimi, 2012). This program came out due to the increasing use of Arabizi on the internet, so it automatically translates Arabizi into classical Arabic. Therefore, Google is seriously contributing to the survival of the Arabic language by preserving its existence on the internet. Arabizi and Identity An extremely significant question imposes itself on the scene, whether Arabizi negatively affects our language and identity or it simply finds a common ground to unite Arabs everywhere. According to a study conducted in order to investigate what Arabs think about the effect of Arabizi on their Arab identity, users affirmed that Arabizi does not negatively affect their identity as Arabs, but rather it helps them finding a common ground in which  they can easily belong to (Abdel-Ghaffar, N., et al, 2011). However, Abdel-Ghaffar found that Arabizi does not facilitate the communication process among Arabs but rather it makes it vaguer, inconsistent and misunderstood in many cases (Abdel-Ghaffar, N., et al, 2011).This is because Arabizi users use Arabic numerals mixed with the closest English counterpart to express what they want to communicate. For example, the Ø · can be represented with â€Å"6† or â€Å"t†, which creates inconsistency in communication (Attwa, 2012). T herefore, Abdel-Ghaffar suggested that using Arabic letters is the most effective, consistent and overall the clearest means for communication in Arabic (Abdel-Ghaffar, N., et al, 2011). Many Arabs consider Arabizi as a major threat or even a war against the Arabic language and they are concerned that it will further weaken the language or even replace it in the near future. Some Arabs even believe that if young Arab people continued to use Arabizi transferring it to the next generations, the Arab world can be imagined without Arabic language in few decades. According to Miral Dibawy, a university graduate and addicted user of Arabizi, Arabizi has weakened her Arabic language and she even needs to write firstly in Arabizi and then translate it whether in Arabic or English (Ghanem, 2011). On the other hand, Dina Jamal, a university student, does not use Arabizi although all friends do because she strongly considers it as a major threat to the Arabic language (Ghanem, 2011). Also, Taiba Al-Amoudi, an Arabic teacher, argued that Arabizi was severely affecting her students’ linguistic abilities (Ghanem, 2011). In order to determine the extent to which Arabizi can really affect our language and identity, we should definitely consider Edward Said case which is to some extent similar to what the Arab youth experiences nowadays. Said represented the issue of having unsettled identity since he was raised in a bicultural family, uncertain about which language or which identity he should more belong to (Said, 1999). This description of Said’s conflicting childhood in reality reflects today’s young Arab people, since they are enrolled in English-based schools but they communicate at home mostly in Arabic. Thus, they want to combine these two different languages together to represent themselves in a way that satisfies their needs (Kramsch, 2000). III. Research Question: Based on secondary data and another primary research, survey, the focus of this paper is to deeply investigate the consequences of using Arabizi on the Arabic language. The primary research was conducted at the American university of Sharjah, in order to reveal and determine the dimensions of this matter. Thus, the following research questions needed to be investigated: RQ1: What are the students’ motives to use Arabizi? RQ2: How do students perceive Arabizi and its effects on the Arabic language? RQ3: How does students’ proficiency in Arabic relate to the use of Arabizi? RQ4: How does students’ high school system relate to the use of Arabizi? Therefore, the independent variables are high school background, proficiency in Arabic, age, gender and nationality. And the dependent variable is the use of Arabizi. IV. Methodology: 1. Participants This study was limited to investigate participants from different ages, genders, colleges and nationalities at the American University of Sharjah. The sampling technique that was used to select participants in this research project was a simple random sample. The number of participants was 150 AUS students (N= 150). The ages of participants in this study range from 17 to 26 years old and the average ranged from 20-22 years (Appendix 1). The gender ratio is 1:1, so 75 males and 75 females participated in this study. Participants were chosen from the following available colleges at the American University of Sharjah: College of Arts and Sciences (CAS), College of Architecture, Arts and Design (CAAD), College of Engineering (CEN) and SBM (School of Business and Management). The final psychographic quality that was studied in this project is nationality. Nationalities were divided into the following four categories: 1) GCC Countries, 2) Al Sham Countries, 3) North Africa and 4) Other. Th e purpose of this categorization is to achieve simplicity. Participants from Al Sham countries made up 50% of the participants (Appendix 2). 2. Procedure: This primary research project was conducted through distributing printed surveys among AUS students during one week (from June 30th to July 7th 2013). Our main objective for this project was to randomly collect unbiased, rational and representative data. The data was collected from the Chemistry Building, Nab, Library, Student Center, Guys’ dorms and women’s dorms. It took around 10 minutes for participants to complete the survey. After the data was collected, we used the recommended ‘IBM SSPS Statistics Software’ to analyze the collected data. This software was very useful for the analytical and the reporting process that is basically due to the multiple integrated modules that we could easily use to get precise and exact reports. We were able to get accurate representation as well as attain reliable outcomes for our survey findings. In addition, due to the variety of the provided options in this software, we were able to get a full representative image of the results through descriptive statistics and many other statistical representations. 3. Measure: For the measurement process, we used the Likert scale as an effective, representative and accurate method. This scale provides respondents with the following five degrees of agreement: Strongly Agree, Agree, Neutral, Disagree and Strongly Disagree. It quantifies the responses and allows for mathematical analysis. Also, it allows participants to respond with a flexible degree of agreement instead of forcing them to take a determined position. The collected data from this scale was easily and accurately used to create charts that represent how opinions are distributed across the population. Moreover, it allows for comparisons between and among the founded results. The Likert scale was used with the following questions: â€Å"Do you feel that Arabizi helps you express yourself more clearly?†, â€Å"In my interactions with others, I often do you mix English and Arabic?†, â€Å"Some people think that communicating in Arabizi, makes its users seem smarter?† and â€Å" I believe the use of Arabizi will negatively affect my proficiency in Arabic?†. V. Results: Descriptive Statistics N Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation HighSchool of participant 150 1.00 2.00 1.2267 .42008 Arabic proficiency of participant 150 1.00 5.00 2.5467 1.10876 Arabizi makes participant smarter 150 1.00 5.00 3.4133 1.08180 Arabizi negatively affects Arabic 150 1.00 5.00 2.5200 1.12160 Age of participant 150 1.00 4.00 1.6800 .66877 Paticipants College Year 150 1.00 4.00 2.6400 1.07616 Participants uses Arabizi with people who don’t speak English or Arabic 150 1.00 4.00 1.6733 .58501 Collage of participant 150 1.00 4.00 2.6200 1.00782 Gender of participants 150 1.00 2.00 1.5000 .50168 Participant mixes English and Arabic 150 1.00 5.00 2.5333 1.04699 Use of Arabizi makes clearer 150 1.00 5.00 2.4400 1.05855 Participants use Arabizi 150 1.00 4.00 2.2933 1.09634 MotherTongue of participant 150 1.00 4.00 1.4200 .97808 Nationality of participant 150 1.00 4.00 2.1600 .95594 Valid N (listwise) 150 Figure 1.1: Descriptive Statistics of 150 surveys Figure 1.2: Participants feel Arabizi express them clearer Figure 1.3: Participants Mix of English and Arabic Figure 1.4: Arabic proficiency of participants Figure 1.5: Relation between High school and use of Arabizi of participants Figure 1.6: Arabizi negatively affects Arabic VI. Discussion: The outcomes of the survey of 150 participants were not unexpected as they relate to the discoveries of past researches and findings referred in the literature review. To begin with, the table above contains the descriptive statistics of the 150 participants (Figure 1.1). For instance, the mean respond regarding the question of â€Å"Does Arabizi makes you feel smarter?, is 3.4133. Since the variable 3 is neutral and 4 is disagree, then the greater part was sort of inside that run. The same procedure is valid to each question. Regarding the research question expressed in part III, the question states; â€Å"Do you feel Arabizi helps you express yourself more clearly?† is replied through the pie outline in Figure 1.2. More than 36.7% of the members demonstrated that they use Arabizi in their daily communication since it helps in communicating their statements. The minimum picked reply, which just included 4.7% of the participants, was on the grounds that the individual they ar e conversing with can’t comprehend Basic English. This percentage indicates that teenagers and youth are adapting more to the use of Arabizi in their daily interactions more than ever before. The discoveries of this pie graph are parallel to what Ghanem (2011) discovered in her interviews with college scholars. Indeed, Bruna Kesserwani said the same thing (Salhani, 2013). Figure 1.3 and figure 1.5 illustrates the participant’s response to mixing English and Arabic in their daily interactions according to their education. The outcomes that are delineated in the figure indicated that the majority of participants come from English-based educational system. Then again, to evade misconceptions, the degree of every high school foundation was figured. For the individuals who went to an Arabic-based high school, the proportion of participants finding Arabizi express their ideas more clearly it is below 20% which approximately (=0.15). For the individuals who went to an English-based high school the degree is above 80% which (=0.85). The dispersion of both degrees is exceptionally far from each other with nearly 0.7 contrasts, which is high. The third question, â€Å"How do participants characterize their proficiency in  Arabic?† is diagramed in Figure 1.4. It indicates that the capability of a participant in Arabic dialect is identify with the practice of using Arabizi. The individuals who appraised themselves as phenomenal in Arabic had the most astounding degree of individuals who likewise said that they don’t use Arabizi; so they manage every dialect as its own particular. Moreover, participates who evaluated themselves with Average or above average in the language proficiency had an extremely thin rate of individuals who don’t use Arabizi; the larger part whose Arabic proficiency is below average uses it. This comes to accept that one’s capability in Arabic does influence his/her use of Arabizi. This comes as an inseparable unit with data addressed in figure in 1.5 with respect to the high school educational system of participants. One may go to an English-based high school, however be extremely exceptional at Arabic from his/her friends or any outside elements, which makes him/her barely Arabizi and consider it as a lifestyle habit. The fourth question addressed in figure 1.6 whether participants believed Arabizi will negatively affect their proficiency in Arabic. It showed that 50 participants and above are neutral about it, they don’t believe that the usage of Arabizi will negatively affect their proficiency level of the Arabic language. In contrast, 35 participants believe that Arabizi can form a threat to the Arabic language usage among youth and teenagers. Furthermore, around 9 participants do not believe that Arabizi is causing any threat to the language. These findings are constant with the Warschauer’s thoughts, as he believes that this phenomenon will lead to the death and loss of the Arabic language. The ultimate two questions were addressed when participants were asked about their opinions â€Å"If Arabizi threatens the existence of Arabic language?†. Therefore, most of the participant’s responses were balanced between supporting the statement and rejecting the statement. For instance a female participant clarifies her opinion saying, â€Å"No, it doesn’t because Arabic still exists as a spoken language, it’s just the form that is changing†. Another Female contradicts with that opinion saying, â€Å"I strongly disagree, because it’s a common language among all Arabs†. Females’ responses differed from males’ ones, for instance; a male participant who wrote unordinary response â€Å" no, it will help us learn new words from both  languages† while other male expressed a suggestion â€Å" simply, enrich and enlarge the areas of Arabic language usage, also encourage people to use it†. The differentiations of male and female opinions ranged between 17 to 22 years demonstrates to what extreme the language is important to the participant and to what extent it relates to his/her identity as an Arab. On the contrary, the survey shows large enough rations of unexpected responses that reflect the awareness of participants to the existence of Arabic language. The second question was â€Å"why do you use Arabizi?† Generally, most respondents said that they use it because it is trendy and much easier to use. A male participant said â€Å"it helps me use both the expressions from Arabic and English to express myself more vividly† another male explains why he uses Arabizi saying â€Å"due to the lack of practice of using Arabic letters†. On the other hand, females had other reasons why they use Arabizi â€Å"it makes texting faster, certain regional accents cannot be typed in formal Arabic language†. Our interpretation of Arabic language from the analysis of these two questions revealed the opinions of participants including males and females and where they see the Arabic language position in their lives. The responses of respondents and our interpretation ma tches Dr. Mohammad Yaghan group study when he asked students about their reasons of using Arabizi. One of the reasons that teenagers use it is that they find it a trend to which they would like to belong. VII. Conclusion: This research has multiple useful and worthy implications. It added to the reasons of using Arabizi. Also, it revealed participants’ own beliefs and thoughts about the consequences of using this way of typing. Furthermore, it showed the correlation between the school system and the use of Arabizi. This research project was carefully done to attain its goals. However, there were some inevitable shortcomings and limitations. One of these limitations was the time. Since we had limited time during the short summer course, we conducted our primary research throughout only two weeks. If we had more time, we could ask and survey more number of participants to enhance the generalizability of the results. Secondly, the designed survey for this project was somehow long which led some participants to skip or ignore open questions. Thirdly, that data we entered in IBM SPSS Statistics Software were done manually. Thus, it is subject to human error. Another limitation  is the place. We distributed surveys to only AUS students, so the answers cannot be generalized to any other places. The recommended future research of this project is to deeply investigate the influence of parents or the old generation on the use of Arabizi by the youth. Recently, this topic is one of the top controversial issues that need to be seriously investigated to determine its dimensions. VIII. References: Abdel-Ghaffar, N., et al. (2011), Arabizi or romanization: the dilemma of writing Arabic texts. Jil Jadid Conference. University of Texas, Austen. Attwa, M. (2012). Arabizi: A writing variety worth learning? An exploratory study of the views of foreign learners of Arabic on Arabizi. American University in Cairo. Arabic Language Institute 11. Retrived from http://dar.aucegypt.edu/handle/10526/3167 Al Tamimi, J. (2012, March 7) An Arabic speaker with a deep passion for his mother tongue, Gulf News. Retrieved from http://gulfnews.com/business/features/an-arabic-speaker-with-a-deep-passion-for-his-mother-tongue-1.990966 Brette, O. (2003). Thorstein Veblen’s theory of institutional change: Beyond technological determinism. European Journal History of Economic Thought, 10(3), 455-477. Carroll, J., Howard, S., Vetere, F., Peck, J., & Murphy, J. (2001). Identity, power and fragmentation in cyberspace: Technology appropriation by young people. Interaction Design Group, Department of Information Systems, The University of Melbourne, 1-10. Dahbi, M. (2004). English and Arabic after 9/11. The Modern Language Journal, 88(4), 628- 631. El Darawy, N. (2005, July 16) Death of a language, Gulf News. Retrieved from http://gulfnews.com/about-gulf-news/al-nisr-portfolio/notes/articles/death-of-a-language-1.294152 Findlow, S. (2006). Higher education and linguistic dualism in the Arab Gulf. British Journal of Sociology of Education 27(1), 19-36. Ghanem, R. (2011), Arabizi is destroying the Arabic language, Arab News. Retreievd from http://www.arabnews.com/node/374897 Kramsch, C. (2000). Language and culture (2nd ed.). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. (pp.8-14). Loch, K, Straub, D. & Kamel, S. (2003). Diffusing the Internet in the Arab world: The role of social norms and technological culturaltion. IEEE Transactions on Engineering 5(1), 45-63. Markham, A. N. (2008). The methods, politics, and ethics of representation in online ethnography. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Collecting and interpreting qualitative materials (3rd ed., pp. 247-283). Said, E. (1999). Out of place: A memoir. New York, NY: Knopf. (Ch. 1) Warschauer, M. (2002). Languages.com: The Internet and linguistic pluralism. In I. Snyder (Ed.), Silicon literacies: Communication, innovation and education in the electronic age London: Routledge. (pp. 62-74). Yaghan, A. M. (2008). â€Å"Arabizi†: A contemporary style of Arabic slang. Design Issues 24(2), 39-52. Retrieved from http://www.mitpressjournals.org/loi/desi. IX. Appendix: YOUR ID_______________ Your Name ( optional) ________________ â€Å"Arabizi† is a slang term (slang: vernacular, popular informal speech) describing a system of writing Arabic using English characters. (Example: ya3ni) 1. What kind of high school did you go to? Private School Public School 2. What is your mother tongue? Arabic English French Other 3. Do you use Arabizi dialy ? Always Most of the times Sometimes Rarely 4. Do you feel that Arabizi helps you express yourself more clearly? Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree 5. How do you characterize your proficiency in Arabic?: Excellent Above Average Average Below Average Poor 6. In my interactions with others, I often do you mix English and Arabic? Strongly agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly disagree 7. Are you used to Arabizi to an extent that you use it even with people who do not necessarily speak Arabic or English? O Yes O No 8. Some people think that communicating in Arabizi, makes its users seem smarter? Strongly agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly disagree 9.I believe the use of Arabizi will negatively affect my proficiency in Arabic? Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree 10. Some people think that Arabizi threatens the existence of the Arabic language, what’s your opinion? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 11. Can you tell why do you use Arabizi? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 12. Gender: Male Female 13. Age: 17-19 20-22 23-25 26+ 14. College: CAS CAAD